Q：泌尿道感染有那些症狀啊???
Q：The symptoms of urinary tract infection(UTI).
圖片來源：http://www.flickr.com/photos/coolbinbin/3528461328/
尿尿的時候刺刺痛痛的…
尿的顏色濁濁的…
常常要跑好幾次廁所…
尿尿竟然有血?!…
除了以上不舒服還發燒?!…
嚴重的話甚至噁心想吐(不是懷孕害喜喔…)
The symptoms of urinary tract infection(UTI) are the followings, dysuria, frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and/or hematuria, together with fever (>38ºC), chills, flank pain, costovertebral angle tenderness, and nausea/vomiting].
Q：到底甚麼是泌尿道感染???
Q：What is urinary tract infection(UTI)?
圖片來源：http://talk.news.pts.org.tw/2011/03/blog-post_30.html
泌尿道感染又分為尿道炎及膀胱炎…
如果更嚴重的話可能還會延伸到腎臟…就叫急性腎盂腎炎…
總括就是泌尿道系統感染導致發炎的情形…
正常的尿液由腎臟製造出來一直到膀胱都是無菌的…
在尿道則含有少量細菌…
但如果每1C.C尿液中超過105個細菌就稱為泌尿道感染…
The urinary tract includes the kidneys (which filter the blood to produce urine), the ureters (the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder), the bladder (which stores urine), and the urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside) . Urinary tract infections happen when bacteria get into the urethra and travel up into the bladder. If the infection stays just in the bladder, it is a called a bladder infection, or “cystitis.” If the infection travels up past the bladder and into the kidneys, it is called a kidney infection or “pyelonephritis.”
While the CDC has established a definition of >10(5) colony forming units (cfu)/mL, it is diagnosed as urinary tract infection(UTI).
Q：那麼要做哪些檢查才能得知並診斷自己泌尿道感染呢???
Q：How to diagnose of urinary tract infection(UTI)?
圖片來源：http://www.kmtth.org.tw/dept/3000/D/D-01-B.htm
很簡單…
當你有以上不適到診所或是醫院求治時…
醫師會給你個盒子先留取你的尿液去做常規檢查…
如果尿液裡面出現過多的白血球或細菌…
就會再做尿液培養…確認長哪種細菌…才能決定要用甚麼抗生素治療…
比較嚴重有結石、阻塞的話…
醫師會安排超音波、電腦斷層等檢查…
Urinalysis is the most valuable laboratory diagnostic test for UTI.
Urinary tract infections are usually diagnosed based upon the person’s symptoms, and the results of a urine test that checks for the presence of white blood cells in the urine. White blood cells are responsible for fighting infection, so their presence in the urine suggests infection.
The doctor will arrange the sonography and CT scan if you get the urolithiasis.
Q：為什麼我會泌尿道感染???
Q:Why I get urinary tract infection(UTI)?
而到底為啥米會得泌尿道感染…
泌尿道感染通常會發生在女性朋友身上…
因為女孩們的尿道比較短(約4公分，男生則大概15~20公分)…
所以如果男性同胞得了泌尿道感染就代表…(以下消音) :P
另外尿道口接近肛門及陰道…加上停經之後雌性激素減少會讓尿道萎縮…
所以女孩們得到泌尿道感染的機率比男孩高…
男性朋友們則會在40歲以後因為前列腺肥大阻塞尿尿才會比較容易得膀胱炎…
Both bladder and kidney infections are more common in women than men., this is due to the length of urethral.
The level of vaginal estrogen are less in postmenopausal women that causes the analosis of urinary tract also makes women get UTI easily.
Q：那得到泌尿道感染該怎麼處理治療呢???
Q: The treatments of urinary tract infection(UTI).
圖片來源：http://www.hearts-perio.jp/perio/
通常尿液培養出細菌之後…
為了要殺死細菌醫師會使用抗生素…通常療程約7~10天
(抗生素使用有一定療程是為了不要產生”抗藥性”…
抗藥性是指如果你抗生素沒有用滿療程的話…因為它們沒有被徹底殺死…很有可能會復發…
The usual treatment includes a single dose to seven to ten days course of antibiotics.
You should finish all the antibiotic pills you get. Otherwise your infection might come back.
如果是由結石或像是男性朋友前列腺肥大導致的…
則視情況會需要動手術…
In men, the infection may involve the prostate gland and treatment is usually given for at least seven days of antibiotics or the surgery.
另外讓尿尿變酸也能降低感染…
所以這也就是為什麼大家都會說泌尿道感染要多喝蔓越莓汁…
圖片來源：http://avi722.pixnet.net/blog/post/23578639
不過其實一般市售蔓越莓汁的濃度都不太能酸化尿液…
在臨床上也還尚未獲得證實能真正達到預防效果…
基本上可以從其他食物攝取…
像是肉類…蛋…乳酪…梅李…全麥食物等…這些食物都能酸化尿液…
另外要減少食用會刺激膀胱的食物…例如咖啡…菸酒…辛辣…
Taking cranberry juice or cranberry tablets has been promoted as one way to help prevent frequent bladder infections. However, this has not been proven in clinical studies.
It’s also important to avoid coffee, wine, spicy food and cigarette.
Q：如何預防泌尿道感染反覆發生???
Q: How to prevent getting urinary tract infection(UTI)?
圖片來源：http://baihuacanada.multiply.com/?&preview=&item_id=215&album=369&photo=&page_start=120&show_interstitial=1&u=
前面有提到一旦感染醫師會開抗生素給你…
通常是口服藥…比較嚴重導致發燒住院的話則會用打針的…
不管是哪種都要依照指示使用一定療程…
如果因為症狀有比較緩解就任意停藥…
細菌就很可能會殺不乾淨…導致復發率增加…
女孩們在如廁後擦拭順序應由前往後…
另外每天多攝取水分2000~3000c.c然後不要憋尿…
要保持會陰部乾燥…
洗澡的時候盡量淋浴不要泡澡…
如果有性行為的話結束之後要立馬去上廁所…減少細菌侵入…
另外像是多攝取讓尿液酸化的食物也是預防好方法…
It is important to take the full course of antibiotics to completely eliminate the infection.
Drinking more fluid may help to wash out bacteria that enter the bladder.
Keep perineum dry, and do urination immediately after having sex.
一起多喝水不要憋尿…一起遠離感染泌尿道…
參考資料：
1. 李嘉蕙、謝珮琳‧(2010)‧成人內外科護理‧於劉雪娥總校閱，成人內外科護理(二版，(796~798頁)‧台北市：華杏出版股份有限公司
2. Arlene B Chapman, MD , Frederic F Rahbari-Oskoui, MD, MSCR , William M Bennett, MD (2012) Urinary tract infection in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease [On-line]. Available: UpToDate database then search topic: UTI.
3. Thomas M Hooton, MD , Kalpana Gupta, MD, MPH (2012) Acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis in women.[On-line]. Available: UpToDate database then search topic: UTI.
4. Thomas M Hooton, MD, Kalpana Gupta, MD, MPH (2012) Acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis in women. [On-line]. Available: UpToDate database then search topic: UTI.
5. Heidi Swygard, MD, MPH, Myron S Cohen, MD, Arlene C Seña, MD, MPH (2012) Infectious causes of dysuria in adult men [On-line]. Available: UpToDate database then search topic: UTI.
6. Thomas M Hooton, MD (2012) Patient information: Urinary tract infections in adults (The Basics) [On-line]. Available: UpToDate database then search topic: UTI.
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